All grammar topics

The Dative: dem, der, den — and mir, dir, ihm

A1

The third case, survival edition: helping, thanking, and saying how you feel. A2 takes the full tour.

The articles in their third outfit

You already met the nominative (der, die, das) and the accusative (den, die, das). The dative changes the articles again — and this time even the plural gets its own form: 'den'. The ein-words follow the same pattern as always: einem, einer, einem, einen.

Articles in the dative
Casem.f.n.Plural
Nominativeder / eindie / einedas / eindie / –
Accusativeden / einendie / einedas / eindie / –
Dativedem / einemder / einerdem / einemden / –

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich helfe dem Mann, der Frau und dem Kind.

I'm helping the man, the woman, and the child.

Tipp: Same sentence, three genders — the dative forms tell the story.

Who forces the dative on you

Three groups. First, a few very common verbs simply take it: helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören, passen, antworten — 'Ich helfe meiner Mutter', not 'meine Mutter'. Second, a fixed set of prepositions always takes it: mit, nach, aus, zu, bei, von — 'Ich fahre mit dem Bus'. Third, when you say WHERE you already are (not where you're going), in/an/auf go dative too: 'Ich bin in der Stadt.'

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich fahre mit dem Bus zur Arbeit.

I take the bus to work.

Tipp: mit dem Bus (dative) — and 'zu der' shrinks to 'zur', which also takes the dative.

Das Buch gehört meiner Lehrerin.

The book belongs to my teacher.

Tipp: gehören is one of the sneaky dative verbs — note 'meiner', not 'meine'.

mir, dir, ihm — the pronoun shortcut

In real conversation the dative shows up mostly as pronouns, and they're worth their weight in gold: 'Das gefällt mir', 'Ich danke dir', 'Das tut mir leid'. Remember 'Mir geht es gut' from the es gibt lesson? That 'mir' was the dative all along — now you know why.

Dative pronouns
PersonDative pronounPhrase
ichmirDas gefällt mir.
dudirIch danke dir.
erihmIch helfe ihm.
sieihrIch helfe ihr.
wirunsDas passt uns.
ihreuchDas gefällt euch?
sie / Sieihnen / IhnenKann ich Ihnen helfen?

Beispiele — examples in context

Es tut mir leid! — Kein Problem.

I'm sorry! — No problem.

Tipp: 'Mir tut es leid', rearranged — one of the most-used dative phrases in German.

Pro tip: wo = dative, wohin = accusative

With in, an and auf there's one clean split: WHERE you are (wo?) → dative, WHERE to (wohin?) → accusative. 'Ich bin in der Stadt' (I am in the city) vs. 'Ich gehe in die Stadt' (I'm going into the city). If you remember this one line, you've already mastered the idea that takes B1 students weeks — the rest of the dative story continues at A2.

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich bin in der Schule. Mein Bruder geht in die Schule.

I am at school. My brother is going to school.

Tipp: Same school, two cases: being there = der, going there = die.