All grammar topics

Nominative and Accusative

A1

The two cases you need for your first real sentences: who does something, and what it happens to.

One sentence, two jobs

The nominative marks the subject — the person or thing doing the action. The accusative marks the direct object — the thing being acted upon. In 'Der Hund sieht die Katze', the dog is doing the seeing (nominative), the cat is being seen (accusative).

Articles by case
Casem.f.n.Plural
Nominativederdiedasdie
Accusativedendiedasdie

Beispiele — examples in context

Der Hund sieht die Katze.

The dog sees the cat.

Tipp: Only masculine changes: der → den.

Die Katze sieht den Hund.

The cat sees the dog.

Tipp: Swap the roles and only the articles move — the nouns never change.

When to use the accusative

The accusative follows most verbs with a direct object: haben, brauchen, sehen, essen, trinken, kaufen, lesen, mögen, suchen. A quick sanity check: if you can ask 'who or what is being [verbed]?', you need the accusative.

Beispiele — examples in context

Ich habe einen Bruder und eine Schwester.

I have a brother and a sister.

Tipp: ein → einen before a masculine noun in the accusative.

Wir suchen das Museum.

We are looking for the museum.

Er trinkt den Kaffee schwarz.

He drinks his coffee black.

Pro tip: für + accusative, your A1 secret weapon

The preposition 'für' (for) ALWAYS takes the accusative, and it lets you say an enormous amount of everyday German: 'für mich', 'für dich', 'einen Kaffee für meinen Vater'. Combine it with the accusative pronouns (mich, dich, ihn, sie, uns, euch, sie/Sie) and you can handle shops, gifts, and restaurant orders for the whole family.

für + accusative pronoun
PersonPhraseExample
ichfür michEin Wasser für mich, bitte.
dufür dichIst das Geschenk für dich?
erfür ihnDer Kaffee ist für ihn.
wirfür unsEin Tisch für uns zwei.

Beispiele — examples in context

Ein Tisch für zwei, bitte.

A table for two, please.

Tipp: The most useful restaurant sentence in the language.

Verbs that break the pattern

A few common verbs do NOT take the accusative: helfen, danken, gefallen, gehören, antworten all take the dative instead. Park them for now — just don't be surprised when 'Ich helfe dem Mann' shows up in a later lesson.

Beispiele — examples in context

Das Buch gehört dem Lehrer.

The book belongs to the teacher.

Tipp: Dative 'dem' — you will meet the dative properly in level A2.