All grammar topics

Ordinal Numbers and Dates

A1

first, second, third — how Germans say dates, birthdays, and appointments without a calendar in hand.

der erste, der zweite, der dritte

Ordinal numbers answer 'which one?' and in German they wear an article: der erste Mai, der dritte Oktober. Up to 19 you add -te to the number; from 20 up it's -ste. Four forms are irregular and you simply learn them: erste, dritte, siebte, achte. In writing, German dates use a period: '3.' is spoken 'der dritte'.

The ordinals you need
NumberOrdinalNumberOrdinal
1der erste6der sechste
2der zweite7der siebte
3der dritte8der achte
4der vierte9der neunte
5der fünfte20der zwanzigste

Beispiele — examples in context

Heute ist der achte Oktober.

Today is the eighth of October.

Tipp: Standalone date: nominative — der achte.

am + ordinal: when something happens

To say ON a date, the ordinal goes into a prepositional phrase with 'am' and an -en ending: 'am ersten Mai', 'am dritten Oktober'. Birthdays, appointments, deadlines — they all use this one pattern: Wann hast du Geburtstag? — Am vierundzwanzigsten Dezember.

Beispiele — examples in context

Der Termin ist am vierzehnten März.

The appointment is on the fourteenth of March.

Tipp: am vierzehnten — the -en ending on the ordinal is the dative doing its quiet work.

Wann beginnt der Kurs? — Am ersten Oktober.

When does the course start? — On the first of October.

Tipp: Same question you'd ask at any Volkshochschule in Germany.

Pro tip: am wievielten?

'Am wievielten?' literally 'on the which-th?' is the German question for 'what's the date?'. The answer keeps the pattern: 'Heute ist der neunte.' Written dates read the same way: 24.12. is 'der vierundzwanzigste zwölfte' — day first, then month, with ordinals on both. Your telephone-number backwards training from the numbers lesson pays off here a second time.

Beispiele — examples in context

Am wievielten ist dein Geburtstag? — Am dritten Juni.

What's the date of your birthday? — June third.

Tipp: Question and answer both use the am + ordinal pattern.